Pavement and process for making the same.



Patented 001;. 12, 1909.

J. C. TRAVILLA.

PAVEMENT AND PROCESS POR MAKING THE SAME.

APPLICATION FILED Nov.4,19o8.

l for vpartly in crosssection, showing a completed comprises a base 1 of rolled.

lim

ATENT 0F ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

JAMES C. TRAVILLA,

PAVEMENT AND PROCESS FOR MAKING THE SAME.

936,493. Specification of Letters Patent. A Patented @et i12, 1190er. Application filed November 4, 1908. Serial No. 461,051. To all it may concern: I formed, and previously prepared slabs 5 are 1 3@ it known that I, JAMES C. TRAVILLA, a laid on such citizen of the United States, and a resident 1 of the city of St. Lo A cement. The slabs are made of a lightly compacted 111.5 and State 0f MIS- mixture consisting of bitumen, sand, and souri, have invented a certain new and usestone particles and dust in such proportion ful- Improvement 1n Pavements and Processes of Making Same, of which the followin is a specication.

y invention relatos lto pavements and has l its principal objects to provide a resilii ont, durable, waterproof, dustless and com- I paratively inexpensive pavement; provide a simple process of making the same. It consists principally in compressing against a suitable substructure slabs of a bitummous mixture of such consistency that the material thereof will be forced into the interstices in the upper surface of the substructure and will be spread laterally toi form a continuous layer. l

being handled and transported but Will be suliciently soft or plastic. to permit itto he squeezed into the spaces in the surface -of the substructure. It is believed to be unnecessary to specify any particular composition or proportion of ingredients, as the art fully discloses how to secure the desired qualities. The slabs 5 are-laid close to each other and are given a preliminary compression suflicient to squeeze the material of the lower portion thereof into the interstices in the upper surface of the substructure. Then', a coating 6 of' bituminous cement is applied to the top and sides of the partially compressed slabs. Before the cementhardens, a thin layer 7 of small particles of sharp stone, or sand or mineral dust is applied thereon, and then the pavement is `rolled or compressed with a heavy roller to the ulti- It also consists in the details of construction and in the process of construction hereinafter described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawing, which forms part of this specification, and wherein like symbols refer to like parts wherever they occur, Figure l is an isometric view, the following results areproduced:

ticles of stone and sand and dust are forced into the bituminous body of the slabs, they slabs are compressed vertically so p substance thereof completely fills the upper interstices of the substructure, they are com; pacted to form a hard at the same time, the slabs are spread or elongated so that the sides thereof areconsolidated or Welded together to form a substantially monolithic layer. In consequence of this method of construction, the'bituniinous mixture which originally consisted of a a multiplicity of slabs becomes ultimately a continuous, hard and smooth layer of substantially uniform thickness. By reason of its being made of portable slabs of uniform stone base for my pavement; Fig. 2 1s a similar view showing the malleable slabs in place on said stone base preparatory to their initial compression; Fig.`3 is a similar view showing the top coating and cross section of l the pavemen before the nal compression; and, Fig. 4 is a fragmentary cr0ss-section of the completed pavement. v

My pavement comprises a substructure of anyA suitable construction. The substructure macadam, telford slag, gravel, cinders or other like material. This material is suitably bonded and thoroughly Upon this base is a course or layer 2 of stone, preferably, maca-dam ranging in and one halfinches to two and one half niches, which 1s lightly made with the greatest rapidity and assurrolled or compressed in position Over this ance of accuracy,r without any particular upper layer 2 is spread a thm coating 3 of skill; and as the slabs are sulicie-ntly plastic sand or particles stone dust sufcient to partially fill the voidspaces or interst-ices therein. Then a coat 4 of bituminous cement is applied over the surface thus at the ordinary atmospheric temperature, it is unnecessarv to heat them in situ, and thus great economies are effected'. By reason ot' the material `of the slabs being compressed that the slab will maintain its shape while.`

that thev thickness the application thereof may be mate extent` By this last rollin roperation, f

The par-vv wearing surface and vio f or the small stone or -ing surface.

into the interstices of the substructure, a strong Acontinuous mechanical interlock is formed between them, which will prevent the creeping of the surface layer and Will bind the stone together. The application or the surface coat of cement serves to harden and more eectually Waterproof the Wearing surface and to coperate in the Welding or coalescence of the abutting ends of the slabs, and the topmost layer of the particles of stone serves to harden and roughen the Wear- It' is noted, however, that said ton coat of cement and the inish coat of stone particles may both be dispensed with, and that the coat 4 of bituminous cement is. also unnecessary.

Obviously, my invention admits of considerable variation from the dtails hereinbefore specified. For instance, instead of the substructure being formed as hereinbefore described, it may consist of a single thick layer of macadam or it may consist of any other common -type of construction. So, too, the slabs may be applied directly to the substructure' Without the interposition of sand, cement or other substance. Again, the composition of the slabs may be varied as desired, and either the sand, the stone dust particles of stone may be omitted, so long as there isa suicient aggregate of stony matter`. I do not, therefore, Wish to restrict myself to the details/of construction hereinbefore described.

What I claim is:

1. A pavement comprising a substructure and a layer of lightly compacted malleable slabs compressed thereon.

2. A pavement' comprising a substructure of macadam and a layer of lightly compacted malleable slabs of bituminousmixture compressed into the intersticesthereof.

3. A pavement consisting of a substruc- 'ture and a layer of lightly compacted malleable slabs of bituminous mixture comressed thereon, said substructure comprising a base of macadam and a layer of coarse macadam thereon.

4. A pavement consisting of asubstructure and a layer of malleable slabs of bituminous mixture compressed thereon, said substructure comprising a base of macadam and a layer of coarser macadam thereon, and sand and stone screenings partially filling the` interstices of said coarser layer.

5. A avement consisting of a substructure, a ayer of malleable slabs compressed thereon, and a coat of bituminous cement between them, said lsubstructure comprising a base/of macadam, a layer of coarse macadam thereon, and sand and stone screenings artially filling the interstices of said coarser ayer.

6. A pavementvconsisting of asubstructure, a layer of malleable slabs of bituminous minous cement and a layer of coarse macadam,

ywhich consists of forming eaaaes mixture compressed thereon, a coat of bituminous cement between said substructure and said slabs, a coat of bituminous cement on said slabs and a thin layer of small par# hticles of stone dust or sand compressed into said slabs.

7 A pavement consisting of a substruc-y ture, a layer of malleable slabs of bituminous mixture compressed thereon, a coat of bitubetween said substructure and said slabs, a coat of bituminous cement on said slabs and a thin layer of small articles of stone compressed into said s abs, said substructure comprising a adam, a layer of coarse macadam thereon, and sand partially filling the interstices of said finer layer. p

8. A pavement comprising a substructure having a rough upper surface and a layer of malleable slabs compressed into the interstices of such surface, said slabs consisting of a mixture of bitumen, sand and stone dust shaped with slight pressure so as to dinary temperature.

9. The process of building a pavement which consists in forming a substructure, applying thereto lightly compacted malleable slabs and compressing said slabs into the surface interstices 10. The process of building a pavement which consists in forming a base of macadam and applying' thereto lightly compacted malleable slabs of bituminous mixture and compressing said slabs intother interstices in said upperlayer,

11. The which consists in forming a substructure, coating the same with bituminous cement, applying lightly compacted malleable slabs on said cement, and compressing said slabs into the surface interstices of such substructure. .Y f f 12. The process of building a pavement which consists in forming abase of macadam and a layer of coarser macadam thereon, partially filling the interstices of said upper layer with sand or stone particles and then base of mac.

recess of building a pavement- `render the finished slabs malleable at orapplying a coat of bituminous cement and the interstices in said upper layer.

13. The process .of uilding ,a pavement structure, coating the same lwith bituminous cement, applying malleable slabs on said cement, partially vcom ressing said slabs, then coating the partia ly compressed slabs with bituminous cement and covering the same with small particles of stone, and then rollin the surface to compressand spread said s abs into a continuous layer.

14;'. The process of building a vpavement a suitableV subupper layer forming a base of macer of coarser macadam therey fill'ing the inteifstices of said Withsand or stone articles, coating the surface thus formed with bituminous cement and then applying malleable slabs of bituminous mixture on said cement, partially compressing. said slabs, then coating the partlally compressed slabs with bituminous cement and coveringV the same which consists in adam and a la on and parta with small particles of stone, and then rolling the surface ful-ther. to compress said slabs and spread them into a continuous layer.

- Signed at St. Louis, Missouri, November 2,' 15 1908.- v J AS 'C. TRAVILLA. `YVitnesses:

JAMES A. CAnn, J. B. MEGowN. 

